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Welcome to the Coastlines Tutorial<\/strong>. This resource is designed to be used in full-screen mode with the table of contents always displayed. To set this mode, click the Expand button in the top right of the header AND click the Navigation Menu button in the top left of the header. Then begin making your way through the tutorial by watching the video below.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"ce2faa21-59ae-4f95-b477-125ec6b1a7f2"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"visuals":{"fit":false,"controls":true},"playback":{"autoplay":false,"loop":false},"l10n":{"name":"Video","loading":"Video player loading...","noPlayers":"Found no video players that supports the given video format.","noSources":"Video source is missing.","aborted":"Media playback has been aborted.","networkFailure":"Network failure.","cannotDecode":"Unable to decode media.","formatNotSupported":"Video format not supported.","mediaEncrypted":"Media encrypted.","unknownError":"Unknown error.","invalidYtId":"Invalid YouTube ID.","unknownYtId":"Unable to find video with the given YouTube ID.","restrictedYt":"The owner of this video does not allow it to be embedded."},"sources":[{"path":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tTYHZ7exBS0","mime":"video\/YouTube","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"library":"H5P.Video 1.6","metadata":{"contentType":"Video","license":"U","title":"Coastlines"},"subContentId":"89f55ac2-1bb3-4974-8d84-095d88701490"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"panels":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"

[music] The place where most humans spend most of their time interacting with the oceans is along the coastline. In these regions we see spectacular displays of marine life, reef development, sand migration, and coastal erosion. Let\u2019s review these processes and the features they develop by visiting a variety of coastlines from all over the world.
\n
\nWhen a coastline is made of solid rock lifting up out of the water, the waves will attack any bits that stick out. This focused wave energy will do its best to undercut the solid rock, creating wave-cut notches<\/strong> below wave-cut cliffs<\/strong>. Only by undercutting the cliffs will the ocean succeed in its erosional task, as gravity now causes the unsupported rock to fail and fall into the ocean. When undercutting has been extensive, and the cliff is yet to fail, we get sea caves<\/strong> and sea arches<\/strong>. When the roof above a sea arch finally fails, an island is left offshore. We call these sea stacks<\/strong>. And where erosion in sea caves has carved holes to the surface, we get blowholes<\/strong>. Blowholes can be quite dangerous, because large waves will frequently push into the cave and out the blowhole taking coastal explorers unaware.
\n
\nThis image from Northern British Columbia shows fjords<\/strong>, carved by glaciers during the last ice age as they entered the ocean. One of the spectacular features of fjords is that glaciers carve straight down, so the sides of this inlet are vertical cliffs that extend in some places a few hundred feet below the surface. Boats can drive right up to the side of the fjord, reach out and grab a tree to anchor. This image is taken from the Big Island of Hawaii, where the highly resistant basalt bedrock is undercut by high waves. There are extensive caves carved out under these cliffs. Standing on the edge of these cliffs is quite dangerous, as entire sections have been known to fail and carry unsuspecting tourists with them. You can feel the power of these waves when standing here, because with each crash of the waves below, the entire rock face shakes and resonates around you. This picture of the beaches of Big Sur in central California shows large rocky headlands left behind as waves erode the uplifting granites that dominate this region. The distant dome in this picture is also a large resistant granite that erodes somewhat differently and creates an extensive rounded headland, slowly being worn down by the wave action. Erosional features are dramatic sculptures found across many coastal landscapes.
\n
\nBeaches are piles of sediment that were deposited or left behind by waves. These piles are in constant flux as old sand is removed and new sand is added. We call this kind of feature a depositional feature. Others include deltas<\/strong>, where sediment is deposited as rivers enter the ocean, spits<\/strong>, where longshore current<\/strong> carries sand partially across the mouth of a harbor, baymouth bars or bay barriers<\/strong>, where the spits have completely crossed and cut off the embayments from the ocean, tombolos<\/strong>, where sand has collected behind an offshore island, and barrier islands<\/strong>, where sand piles up parallel but a distance offshore from the present coastline. These barrier islands are usually formed from spits that extend outwards along a coastline or from older beaches pushed up and inland as sea level rose after the last ice age. Hooks <\/strong>form when currents push a spit into an embayment.
\n
\nPause now. [music]
\n
\nThe East Coast of the United States is dominated by depositional features, with long sandy beaches, like this one along the Atlantic Coast of Florida. Such features are found all along the East Coast between Massachusetts in the North and Florida in the South. Many barrier islands are completely covered by cities or residential communities, like this one. Normally these barrier islands would be made entirely of shifting dunes with steeper slopes on the ocean side and gentler mud-filled lagoons on the inland side. These lagoons are filled with grassy marshes in temperate climates and mangrove swamps in tropical climates as shown in this image from a lagoon inside a Florida barrier island. When embayments get completely closed off or separated from the ocean, usually by dunes, we call them lagoons. This image shows a lagoon in Pescadero, just south of San Francisco. Although the Pacific coastline is dominated by erosional features, there are a few locations such as Pescadero where we see these salt-marsh-surrounded lagoons.
\n
\nDeltas are some of the largest sediment piles and depositional features in the ocean. You can see from these satellite images just how much mud these rivers carry. Because the mud particles are so small, they remain suspended in the water and are carried far offshore before settling to the bottom to create deep-sea muds.
\n
\nWhy is the East Coast of the United States dominated by depositional features while the West Coast is dominated by erosional features? The East Coast must be sinking, while the West Coast is uplifting. Why? Do you remember from the Plate Tectonics video tutorial, what the plate tectonics differences are between these two coasts? The East Coast is a passive margin in the middle of the North American Plate. The only activity on the coastline is the slow steady piling up of sediment eroded from the mountains and carried to the beaches. As this sediment collects and adds weight to the crust, the land isostatically sinks below the surface. Sediment piles up, and we get barrier islands, spits, and deltas. Along the west coast, the land is uplifting. In some places, such as Washington, Oregon, and Northern California, the coast is also a subduction zone, and that explains the uplift. But what about the rest of California? Even though there\u2019s no longer subduction here and hasn\u2019t been for almost 60 million years, there is still uplift associated with small amounts of compression that still exist along the North American and Pacific plate boundary\u2014a boundary that is now primarily characterized by transform stresses and the San Andreas Fault System. The uplift carries new, resistant rock above the waves to be eroded and sculpted leaving behind cliffs, terraces, and caves.
\n
\nLet\u2019s take a close-up tour along these two coastlines using Google Earth. This video shows us moving North along the California Coast. Notice the spectacular cliffs and headlands. This video shows us moving North along the Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina coasts. Notice the spectacular beaches and barrier islands.<\/p>\n\n

Pause now. [music]<\/p>\n\n

The East Coast beaches are especially vulnerable to seawater encroachment, not just because the land is sinking isostatically under the weight of all the sediment, but also because sea level is rising. Rising sea level has a much greater impact on flat lands with little vertical relief. Remember from past video tutorials that sea level changes globally due to three major processes. We call global changes to sea level, eustatic sea level change<\/strong>. Can you remember what processes cause sea level to rise?
\n
\nPause now. [music]
\n
\nThe reverse of all three of these causes sea level to drop \u2013 expanding glaciers, cooling ocean temperatures, and increasing the size of ocean basins.
\n
\nThis graph shows how sea level has changed over the past 800,000 years of Earth\u2019s history. We get these data from studying seafloor sediment and ice cores. Sea level has fluctuated consistently during this period of Earth\u2019s history known as the Pleistocene. The Pleistocene began 2 million years ago and is marked by a rapid drop in Earth\u2019s temperature and subsequent oscillation in and out of ice ages. In this chart, the peaks represent interglacials, warm periods such as we are experiencing today, when sea level rises. The low points of the graph represent ice ages, when sea level drops. Looking even closer, to just the last 24,000 years since the last ice age ended, we see a slow steady rise of sea level until about 8,000 years ago, after which it\u2019s maintained a pretty flat level. This next image highlights just the last 8,000 years, and we can see there is still an increase, but it\u2019s quite gradual. That is until the last 130 years. This close up demonstrates that at about 1900, sea level started rising faster than it had for thousands of years prior. This rise in sea level corresponds to a rise in global ocean temperatures. Scientists have calculated that sea level is currently rising at a rate of 3.4 mm\/yr. What would that mean for sea level in 2100? It would be 2 feet higher than it is today. That would mean the loss of many hundreds of miles of coastlines in areas of the world where coastal lands are flat and already near or under sea level. Ocean temperature increases of even a single degree Celsius can lead to a significant increase in sea level. This image shows what the San Francisco Bay Area looked like 15,000 years ago during the height of the last ice age, and the animation shows how the area has changed with the sea level rise that has happened since. Notice that 15,000 years ago, sea level was about 125 meters lower than it is today, and the entire continental shelf was exposed. These animations show in blue what Northern California, New York, and Florida will look like in the future after sea level has risen 30 meters.
\n
\nMost of the world\u2019s population lives within a few feet of sea level, and rising sea levels across the planet will have a huge impact on human civilizations and economies.
\n
\nPause now. [music]
\nFor more information and more detail, continue on to the next video in this series. [music]
\n
\n[end credits]
\n
\nCoastal Video Series:<\/strong>
\nPart I: Coastlines
\nPart II: Beaches and Sand Migration
\nPart III: Estuarine Mixing
\nPart IV: San Francisco Bay
\n
\nCoastlines Produced by Katryn Wiese
\n
\nCopyright: Creative Commons: Attribution \u2013 Noncommercial \u2013 Share Alike 3.0
\n
\nAll media produced by Katryn Wiese unless indicated below:
\n*Intro and exit music: used with permission \u00a9 Alexis Harte
\n*Review music: used with permission \u00a9 Proceed With Caution
\n*Wave refraction \u2013 U.S. Department of Transportation
\n*Kauai blowhole \u2013 Peter Charbonnier (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
\n*Klamath River Mouth \u2013 LindaTanner (CC BY 2.0)
\n*Tombolo De Trafalgar -- Turismo Cadiz (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
\n*Global Relief Map: Seafloor Bathymetry and Land Topography \u2013 NOAA
\n*San Francisco Bay Satellite Imagery \u2013 USGS and PG&E
\n*Amazon, Mississippi, Nile, and Yangtze River Deltas \u2013 NASA Earth Observatory
\n*Satellite Imagery of Coastlines in New York and East Coast \u2013 Google Earth (Data from SIO, NOAA, U. S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO; Images: NOAA, Terrametrics, Landsat, USGS)
\n*Sea Level Change graphs, all scales -- NOAA
\n*San Francisco Bay Area Floods Animation \u2013 Tanya Atwater, UCSB (used with permission)
\n*Florida floods \u2013 NOAA
\n*Animations of 30-m flooding San Francisco Bay, New York, Florida \u2013 USGS -- http:\/\/cegis.usgs.gov\/<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"db43b137-ea44-44b2-9501-87fdff8b8ce1"},"title":"Coastlines Video Script (for review as needed)"}],"hTag":"h2"},"library":"H5P.Accordion 1.0","metadata":{"contentType":"Accordion","license":"U","title":"Coastlines Video Script (for review as needed)"},"subContentId":"d69b4887-757c-454b-a637-d189a33fc0d6"},"useSeparator":"enabled"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

When done with the video above, continue through the remaining pages of this book to review content and images from the video, explore some content more deeply, and test your understanding through interactive ungraded quiz questions. The final page of the tutorial is a list of Additional Resources for students who want to dig even deeper into some of the video contents. When you've reached that page, you're done.<\/p>\n\n

To navigate to the remaining pages of this tutorial, use the arrow keys that appear in the header and footer. Or use the table of contents navigation menu, which you can toggle open or closed by using the button on the top left of the screen. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"0960422f-df0b-44d8-8fb6-89513f2eae6d"},"useSeparator":"enabled"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.18","metadata":{"contentType":"Page","license":"U","title":"Video: Coastlines"},"subContentId":"16bc5022-4f24-4508-bb6a-9d8320abae2f"},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"imageSlides":[{"params":{"image":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-62dd9ef4a91af.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":964,"height":723},"alt":"Waves carving a wave-cut platform below a marine terrace","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","title":"Waves carving a wave-cut platform below a marine terrace"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"e7c06a3d-0342-4bba-bc93-4abd3b527f5b"}},"library":"H5P.ImageSlide 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image Slide","license":"U","title":"Creating Terrace 2"},"subContentId":"ccace28d-eac4-4d9a-a659-57287ed907a1"},{"params":{"image":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-62dd9f18e83da.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":964,"height":705},"alt":"Waves carving a wave-cut platform below 2 marine terraces","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","title":"Waves carving a wave-cut platform below 2 marine terraces"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"3700062d-e750-4a44-aec8-bb5a683ef861"}},"library":"H5P.ImageSlide 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image Slide","license":"U","title":"Creating Terrace 3"},"subContentId":"0f078f92-8f54-4ed5-b527-4931d2ba834d"},{"params":{"image":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-62dd9f27ecce8.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":964,"height":717},"alt":"Oblique view through terraces on California coastline","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","title":"Oblique view through terraces on California coastline"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"36e3155a-ae13-4f29-9c3e-57e3afcb0c35"}},"library":"H5P.ImageSlide 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image Slide","license":"U","title":"Terraces on the California Coastline"},"subContentId":"0146c0e9-b0e2-4d8a-996d-ef7c29c6e98d"}],"aspectRatioMode":"auto","aspectRatio":{"aspectWidth":4,"aspectHeight":3},"a11y":{"nextSlide":"Next Image","prevSlide":"Previous Image","gotoSlide":"Go to image %slide"}},"library":"H5P.ImageSlider 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image Slider","license":"U","title":"Marine Terrace Formation"},"subContentId":"b7655396-5faa-46a0-a58d-611760c00533"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Above is an image gallery <\/strong>that provides visuals of marine terraces experiencing ongoing erosion. In all the images, the currently active wave-cut platform is being produced by wave action at the shoreline. The raised former platforms are all now known as marine terraces. Images from Chernicoff -- Geology -- Pearson (c). Under each image are dots showing how many images are in the gallery. You can navigate between images by clicking on the dots or by using the arrow keys on the edges of the imates. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"26f25ed4-5a64-49d6-86e5-f66a56c332f8"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Below is a test-your-understanding question<\/strong>. Use the Check button to check your answers, and if needed, use the Retry button to try again.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"ae5dafd6-c78d-45e2-9b6c-2859d8a38b6b"},"useSeparator":"enabled"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

Depositional shoreline<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
Erosional shoreline<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
Subsidence of the land<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
Uplift of the land<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
Sea level rise<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
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Which of the following must be true or could be true about what's happening on a coastline that produces marine terraces <\/strong>(old wave-cut platform sitting above current wave-cut platform)? Choose all that apply.<\/em><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"Cause of marine terraces"},"subContentId":"51100d52-47a7-4f5a-849c-17b560b13fc5"},"useSeparator":"enabled"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.18","metadata":{"contentType":"Page","license":"U","title":"Marine Terrace"},"subContentId":"08e99ffa-bd54-4783-8878-dc4da89e04e7"},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"
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Instructions: <\/strong>correctly categorize the description boxes (text boxes) by dragging and dropping them into their corresponding category box(es).<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false}],"dropZones":[{"x":0,"y":28.753313819417688,"width":18.92125200416704,"height":11.038178873434308,"correctElements":["1","2","4","5","8","10","11"],"showLabel":true,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":false,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Erosional landforms<\/strong><\/div>\n"},{"x":51.012742055461054,"y":28.753313819417688,"width":18.996548152910822,"height":11.038178873434308,"correctElements":["0","3","7","9","6"],"showLabel":true,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":false,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Depositional landforms<\/strong><\/div>\n"}]}},"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"singlePoint":false,"applyPenalties":true,"enableScoreExplanation":true,"dropZoneHighlighting":"dragging","autoAlignSpacing":2,"enableFullScreen":false,"showScorePoints":true,"showTitle":true},"grabbablePrefix":"Grabbable {num} of {total}.","grabbableSuffix":"Placed in dropzone {num}.","dropzonePrefix":"Dropzone {num} of {total}.","noDropzone":"No dropzone.","tipLabel":"Show tip.","tipAvailable":"Tip available","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","feedbackHeader":"Feedback","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","scoreExplanationButtonLabel":"Show score explanation","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","localize":{"fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen"}},"library":"H5P.DragQuestion 1.14","metadata":{"contentType":"Drag and Drop","license":"U","title":"Coastal Landforms Drag and Drop"},"subContentId":"c6f9abdc-f909-4b9e-9497-c381e8bf67c4"},{"params":{"scoreShow":"Check","submit":"Submit","tryAgain":"Retry","scoreExplanation":"Correct answers give +1 point. Incorrect answers give -1 point. The lowest possible score is 0.","question":{"settings":{"size":{"width":620,"height":400}},"task":{"elements":[{"x":44.520211248402376,"y":79.35914614159282,"width":7.082290351016435,"height":4.362438094637378,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Passive continental margin (100%)<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"99bc3720-0a85-405c-9fda-2895becc00e3"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":0,"y":79.35914614159282,"width":6.295215330962246,"height":4.400762177389207,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Dominated by erosional landforms<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"65cf3648-bb5f-4324-8cad-040b9f95957f"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":20.405096822184422,"y":79.35914614159282,"width":7.083656679064696,"height":4.400762177389207,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Dominated by depositional landforms<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"7c5c7f7b-9a99-4172-aec2-0cd6367d83fe"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":66.03831335179686,"y":79.35914614159282,"width":5.506773982859795,"height":4.362436043457947,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Sinking continental margin<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"7d1c534c-3ee5-4d8e-8899-7a349224468c"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":83.8463978511578,"y":79.35914614159282,"width":5.506773982859795,"height":4.362436043457947,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Uplifting continental margin<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"94a6a44e-1bf8-4187-b4e7-67967c5d0ed7"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":-4.295504756210438e-6,"y":2.874763135592036,"width":37.75000222101073,"height":4.999357471326201,"dropZones":[],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Instructions: <\/strong>correctly categorize the description boxes (text boxes) by dragging and dropping them into their corresponding category box(es).<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"547fefb6-b8e3-4255-9b06-8f339f033fa5"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false}],"dropZones":[{"x":0,"y":31.628645201359454,"width":18.92125200416704,"height":11.038178873434308,"correctElements":["0","2","3"],"showLabel":true,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":false,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
East Coast of US<\/strong><\/div>\n"},{"x":0,"y":31.386996521703335,"width":18.996548152910822,"height":11.038178873434308,"correctElements":["4","1"],"showLabel":true,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":false,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
West Coast of US<\/strong><\/div>\n"}]}},"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"singlePoint":false,"applyPenalties":true,"enableScoreExplanation":true,"dropZoneHighlighting":"dragging","autoAlignSpacing":2,"enableFullScreen":false,"showScorePoints":true,"showTitle":true},"grabbablePrefix":"Grabbable {num} of {total}.","grabbableSuffix":"Placed in dropzone {num}.","dropzonePrefix":"Dropzone {num} of {total}.","noDropzone":"No dropzone.","tipLabel":"Show tip.","tipAvailable":"Tip available","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","feedbackHeader":"Feedback","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","scoreExplanationButtonLabel":"Show score explanation","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","localize":{"fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen"}},"library":"H5P.DragQuestion 1.14","metadata":{"contentType":"Drag and Drop","license":"U","title":"Coastal Drag and Drop"},"subContentId":"b9221f2d-51d8-4202-b445-578fc4e6388e"},{"params":{"scoreShow":"Check","submit":"Submit","tryAgain":"Retry","scoreExplanation":"Correct answers give +1 point. Incorrect answers give -1 point. The lowest possible score is 0.","question":{"settings":{"size":{"width":1006,"height":715},"background":{"path":"images\/background-6a84c1005d73b.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1006,"height":715}},"task":{"elements":[{"x":3.319612269286947,"y":70.06071929005138,"width":4.998858883282432,"height":4.142131697317753,"dropZones":["0"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Dunes<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"ac18f204-991c-4607-95c9-b56c420d703f","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":3.319612269286947,"y":84.07286314806166,"width":4.998858883282432,"height":4.142131697317753,"dropZones":["1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Beach<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"63513d2d-ca9d-4593-82df-6ccf3eeb27e6"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":14.274332757933873,"y":79.4021485287249,"width":4.998858883282432,"height":4.142131697317753,"dropZones":["2"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Delta<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"e2542413-f416-417d-be2c-9c05c995675b"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":24.56513079272341,"y":85.47407753386268,"width":4.998858883282432,"height":4.142131697317753,"dropZones":["3"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Barrier<\/p>\n\n
Island<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"7718b4eb-c81d-4da7-b906-e620a350a0fd"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":89.96149249767628,"y":70.06071929005138,"width":4.998858883282432,"height":4.142131697317753,"dropZones":["4"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Lagoon<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"bf8104cb-f877-454e-83fb-6b45eda7bd04"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":90.29345372460497,"y":84.07286314806166,"width":4.998858883282432,"height":4.142131697317753,"dropZones":["5"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Submarine<\/p>\n\n
Canyon<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"25470f90-f6b5-4223-8a6a-2de4f45a4497"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":79.67069446288673,"y":80.33629145259225,"width":4.998858883282432,"height":4.142131697317753,"dropZones":["6"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Continental<\/p>\n\n
Shelf<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"8010e46d-11f8-441e-9c7a-31c080ad482f"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":69.7118576550259,"y":86.40822045773004,"width":4.998858883282432,"height":4.142131697317753,"dropZones":["7"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Sea Cliff<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"619ae568-06bf-400b-bd19-ef172b40d688"},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false}],"dropZones":[{"x":3.319612269286947,"y":46.707146193367585,"width":5,"height":2.5,"correctElements":["0"],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":true,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Piles of sand shoreward of the beach<\/div>\n"},{"x":19.917673615721682,"y":48.57543204110229,"width":5,"height":2.5,"correctElements":["1"],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":true,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Strip of sand along the coast<\/div>\n"},{"x":49.79418403930421,"y":32.69500233535731,"width":5,"height":2.5,"correctElements":["2"],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":true,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Area of deposition at the end of a river<\/div>\n"},{"x":19.917673615721682,"y":65.39000467071462,"width":5,"height":2.5,"correctElements":["3"],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":true,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Area of sand seaward of the coast<\/div>\n"},{"x":33.19612269286947,"y":46.707146193367585,"width":5,"height":2.5,"correctElements":["4"],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":true,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Water behind a barrier island<\/div>\n"},{"x":63.072633116451996,"y":51.37786081270434,"width":5,"height":2.5,"correctElements":["5"],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":true,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Valley pointed offshore<\/div>\n"},{"x":73.03146992431284,"y":43.90471742176553,"width":5,"height":2.5,"correctElements":["6"],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":true,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Flat area off the coast<\/div>\n"},{"x":76.3510821935998,"y":18.682858477347033,"width":5,"height":2.5,"correctElements":["7"],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":true,"autoAlign":true,"label":"
Rock face<\/div>\n"}]}},"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"singlePoint":false,"applyPenalties":false,"enableScoreExplanation":true,"dropZoneHighlighting":"never","autoAlignSpacing":2,"enableFullScreen":false,"showScorePoints":true,"showTitle":true},"grabbablePrefix":"Grabbable {num} of {total}.","grabbableSuffix":"Placed in dropzone {num}.","dropzonePrefix":"Dropzone {num} of {total}.","noDropzone":"No dropzone.","tipLabel":"Show tip.","tipAvailable":"Tip available","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","feedbackHeader":"Feedback","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","scoreExplanationButtonLabel":"Show score explanation","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","localize":{"fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen"}},"library":"H5P.DragQuestion 1.14","metadata":{"contentType":"Drag and Drop","license":"U","title":"Coastal Landforms"},"subContentId":"32251374-67c1-4d37-9423-fa3e2a994362"}]},"library":"H5P.QuestionSet 1.20","metadata":{"contentType":"Question Set","license":"U","title":"Tutorial Review Question Set"},"subContentId":"39e065b7-2196-4cd0-b401-bc4438cba1d9"},"useSeparator":"enabled"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.18","metadata":{"contentType":"Page","license":"U","title":"Test Your Understanding"},"subContentId":"b63c9ed8-fb30-4455-ae7e-3fa058bfdef5"},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"
\n
Additional resources for deeper exploration or further clarification<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n
Textbook chapters<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n\t
Open Textbook: Physical Geology, by Steven Earle -- Shorelines<\/a><\/li>\n\t
Open Textbook: Introduction to Geology, SLCC -- Coastlines<\/a><\/li>\n\t
Open Textbook: Introduction to Oceanography\u2014Paul Webb:Chapter 13: Coastal Oceanography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n
Website resources<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n\tCoastal Data Information Program (CDIP)<\/a> -- Scripps Institution of Oceanography<\/li>\n\t
Web experience\/adventure:\n\t
\n\t\t
Go to Google Maps<\/a>, enter satellite view, remove labels, and travel along the Pacific and Atlantic Coasts of North America. Note the differences!<\/li>\n\t\t
Nautical Chart: Golden Gate Bridge and surroundings<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"e167ba3b-c337-4056-b60d-dc573d5d2975"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.18","metadata":{"contentType":"Page","license":"U","title":"Additional Resources"},"subContentId":"77eb1438-0327-4623-bfe5-dacc0f2eea43"}],"behaviour":{"defaultTableOfContents":true,"progressIndicators":true,"progressAuto":true,"displaySummary":false,"baseColor":"#1768c4","enableRetry":true},"read":"Read","displayTOC":"Display 'Table of contents'","hideTOC":"Hide 'Table of contents'","nextPage":"Next page","previousPage":"Previous page","chapterCompleted":"Page completed!","partCompleted":"@pages of @total completed","incompleteChapter":"Incomplete page","navigateToTop":"Navigate to the top","markAsFinished":"I have finished this page","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen","bookProgressSubtext":"@count of @total pages","interactionsProgressSubtext":"@count of @total interactions","submitReport":"Submit Report","restartLabel":"Restart","summaryHeader":"Summary","allInteractions":"All interactions","unansweredInteractions":"Unanswered interactions","scoreText":"@score \/ @maxscore","leftOutOfTotalCompleted":"@left of @max interactions completed","noInteractions":"No interactions","score":"Score","summaryAndSubmit":"Summary & submit","noChapterInteractionBoldText":"You have not interacted with any pages.","noChapterInteractionText":"You have to interact with at least one page before you can see the summary.","yourAnswersAreSubmittedForReview":"Your answers are submitted for review!","bookProgress":"Book progress","interactionsProgress":"Interactions progress","totalScoreLabel":"Total score","a11y":{"progress":"Page @page of @total.","menu":"Toggle navigation menu"}}

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