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antigenic determinant<\/strong> - (also, epitope) one of the chemical groups recognised by a single type of lymphocyte antigen receptor<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

antigen presentation<\/strong> - binding of processed antigen to the protein-binding cleft of a major histocompatibility complex molecule<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

antigen processing<\/strong> - internalisation and digestion of antigen in an antigen-presenting cell<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

antigen receptor<\/strong> - two-chain receptor by which lymphocytes recognise antigen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

clone <\/strong>- group of lymphocytes sharing the same antigen receptor<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

clonal expansion<\/strong> - growth of a clone of selected lymphocytes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

clonal selection<\/strong> - stimulating growth of lymphocytes that have specific receptors<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

constant region domain<\/strong> - part of a lymphocyte antigen receptor that does not vary much between different receptor types<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

cytotoxic T cells (Tc) <\/strong>- T lymphocytes with the ability to induce apoptosis in target cells<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

effector T cells<\/strong> - immune cells with a direct, adverse effect on a pathogen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

helper T cells (Th)<\/strong> - T cells that secrete cytokines to enhance other immune responses, involved in activation of both B and T cell lymphocytes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

immunological memory<\/strong> - ability of the adaptive immune response to mount a stronger and faster immune response upon re-exposure to a pathogen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

major histocompatibility complex (MHC)<\/strong> - gene cluster whose proteins present antigens to T cells<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

memory T cells <\/strong>- long-lived immune cell reserved for future exposure to a pathogen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

MHC class I<\/strong> - found on most cells of the body, it binds to the CD8 molecule on T cells<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

MHC class II<\/strong> - found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, it binds to CD4 molecules on T cells<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

negative selection<\/strong> - selection against thymocytes in the thymus that react with self-antigen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

polyclonal response <\/strong>- response by multiple clones to a complex antigen with many determinants<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

primary adaptive response<\/strong> - immune system\u2019s response to the first exposure to a pathogen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

positive selection <\/strong>- selection of thymocytes within the thymus that interact with self, but not non-self, MHC molecules<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

regulatory T cells (Treg)<\/strong> - (also, suppressor T cells) class of CD4 T cells that regulates other T cell responses<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

secondary adaptive response<\/strong> - immune response observed upon re-exposure to a pathogen, which is stronger and faster than a primary response<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

T cell tolerance<\/strong> - process during T cell differentiation where most T cells that recognise antigens from one\u2019s own body are destroyed<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

Th1 cells <\/strong>- cells that secrete cytokines that enhance the activity of macrophages and other cells<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

Th2 cells<\/strong> - cells that secrete cytokines that induce B cells to differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

variable region domain<\/strong> - part of a lymphocyte antigen receptor that varies considerably between different receptor types<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","subContentId":"78908d0e-70f8-4c26-a5e4-62cb8ed24f27","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"title":"Glossary"}],"hTag":"h2"}

Angela Chen