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<\/p>"},"chapters":[{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Barbara is a 43-year-old patient who has been diagnosed with metastatic inflammatory breast cancer. To facilitate her ongoing chemotherapy, her physician implanted a port attached to a central venous catheter. At a recent checkup, she reported feeling restless and complained that the site of the catheter had become uncomfortable. After removing the dressing, the physician observed that the surgical site appeared red and was warm to the touch, suggesting a localized infection. Barbara was also running a fever of 38.2 \u00b0C (100.8 \u00b0F). Her physician treated the affected area with a topical antiseptic and applied a fresh dressing. She also prescribed a course of the antibiotic oxacillin.<\/p>\n\n

\nAdapted from Microbiology Chapter 25 Clinical Focus<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"6413753e-4af1-4ce6-b0c1-2e5411a17910"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

a. Red and warm to touch at surgical site<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

b. Restless and uncomfortable at site of catheter<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

c. Nausea<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"d. Increased fever\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

e. Dizziness and confusion<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"

What factors likely contributed to Barbara\u2019s condition? Select all that apply.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MR - Initial Infection"},"subContentId":"f2103be2-34d4-4ff5-870d-e922a1a6b213"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

a. Break in the skin (e.g., wounds, needles, intravenous catheters, insect bites) <\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

b. Normal microbiota in circulatory system<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

c. Spread to the circulatory system from infections in other body sites<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

d. Circulatory system closed<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"

What is the most likely source of the microbes involved?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MR - Microbes Involved"},"subContentId":"1bc0540a-0e8b-4d47-bfc0-e0204d8d6e00"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

a. Lymphangitis<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

b. Endocarditis<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

c. Pericarditis<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

d. Vasculitis<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"

Which term refers to an inflammation of the blood vessels?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MC - Anatomy"},"subContentId":"9dbdfa11-05ad-465c-a564-19f81ae883b1"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-664e1a06d2e23.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1297,"height":1285},"alt":"Human circulatory system"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"b12ea0df-411c-461a-a60e-282ea6a619b4"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Figure 25.2 The major components of the human circulatory system include the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. This network delivers blood to the body\u2019s organs and tissues. (credit top left: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal; credit bottom right: modification of work by Bruce Blaus)<\/span><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"de2c0449-eaba-4de7-a53d-570910a2f290"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

a. Spleen<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

b. Lymph nodes<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

c. Pericardium<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

d. Blood capillaries<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"

Which of the following is where most microbes are filtered out of the fluids that accumulate in the body tissues?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MC - Microbes Filtration"},"subContentId":"950d330d-6737-4ac3-a6b6-a5657d030879"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"useSeparator":"auto","content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

a. The breast tissue is intertwined with lymphatic glands that allows the cancer cells to spread around easily.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"b. The ability of cancer cells to accumulate in fat tissue.\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

c. The ability of the cancer cells to stay local.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

d. The ability of the cancer cells to predict their future.<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"

One of the reason that makes breast cancer quite dangerous is:<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MC - Breast Cancer"},"subContentId":"36cb607d-69cc-459b-bd69-bd6162a29b28"}},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-664e1c02f20a6.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1200,"height":1191},"alt":"Lymphatic System"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"a9e44421-4fea-4a7e-acf5-779c9dba90b6"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Figure 25.3 The essential components of the human lymphatic system drain fluid away from tissues.<\/span><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"5a89470d-8e7a-4420-b40e-4980fea0fefa"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-664e1c4c2ccef.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":700,"height":568},"alt":"Lymph nodes"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"b7bfd72d-8741-432f-9905-da2c8404541f"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Figure 25.4 Blood enters the capillaries from an arteriole (red) and leaves through venules (blue). Interstitial fluids may drain into the lymph capillaries (green) and proceed to lymph nodes. (credit: modification of work by National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health)<\/span><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"f7a4fce0-eea0-4e8d-b180-41c452f308c1"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

a. Alcohol<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

b. Chlorhexidine<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

c. Betadine<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

d. Glutaraldehyde<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"

Which of the following disinfectants is not safe to be used as a disinfectant?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MC - Disinfectant"},"subContentId":"5c15703f-6323-4329-870c-35e3b500b235"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

a. Inhibits the transpeptidase enzyme that builds the protein cross bridges in the peptidoglycan.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

b. Inhibits the activity of DNA gyrase and blocks DNA replication.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

c. Lipophilic detergent-like properties disrupt the membrane.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

d. Inhibits synthesis of folic acid.<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"

What is the mechanism of action of oxacillin?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MC - Oxacillin Mechanism"},"subContentId":"7e165d7e-e084-421b-bddf-0ffeeac7d979"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"CC BY","title":"Signs and Symptoms","authors":[{"name":"889765b5-8e35-4743-bf37-bf746f46d74a","role":"Author"}],"licenseVersion":"4.0"},"subContentId":"9aeede39-033b-4939-85c1-874ff7c6d468"},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Despite oxacillin therapy, Barbara\u2019s condition continued to worsen over the next several days. Her fever increased to 40.1 \u00b0C (104.2 \u00b0F) and she began to experience chills, rapid breathing, and confusion. Her doctor suspected bacteremia by a drug-resistant bacterium and admitted Barbara to the hospital. Cultures of the surgical site and blood revealed Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>. Antibiotic susceptibility testing confirmed that the isolate was methicillin-resistant S. aureus<\/em> (MRSA). In response, Barbara\u2019s doctor changed her antibiotic therapy to vancomycin and arranged to have the port and venous catheter removed.<\/p>\n\n

\nAdapted from Microbiology Chapter 25 Clinical Focus<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"558894ae-6b30-4ea5-b156-fbea37e764f2"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"

a. Conditions worsen<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"b. Increased fever\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
c. Chills, rapid breathing<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
d. Confusion<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
How did Barbara\u2019s signs and symptoms increase? Check all that apply.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MR - Increased Signs and Symptoms"},"subContentId":"1810435e-766e-48f2-a920-ac0ba55ebb01"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
a. MRSA<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
b. VRE<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
c. CRE<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
d. ESBL-producing bacteria<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
Which of the following types of drug-resistant bacteria do not typically persist in individuals as a member of their intestinal microbiota?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MC - Drug-resistance"},"subContentId":"150a944b-6365-4488-bf93-6fe4f810b926"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-664fab1573b47.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1680,"height":756},"alt":"Figure 13.31 A disk-diffusion assay"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"9aa87cac-1059-4d9b-bf9e-9ccbea7c4a09"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
Figure 13.31<\/strong> A disk-diffusion assay is used to determine the effectiveness of chemical agents against a particular microbe. (a) A plate is inoculated with various antimicrobial discs. The zone of inhibition around each disc indicates how effective that antimicrobial is against the particular species being tested. (b) On these plates, four antimicrobial agents are tested for efficacy in killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> (left) and Staphylococcus aureus <\/em>(right). These antimicrobials are much more effective at killing S. aureus<\/em>, as indicated by the size of the zones of inhibition. (credit b: modification of work by American Society for Microbiology)<\/span><\/p>\n\n
Adapted from Microbiology Chapter 13<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"ca86f3bb-ac82-41d2-8788-d7036200ac0b"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
a. Inhibits the transpeptidase enzyme that builds the protein cross bridges in the peptidoglycan.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"b. Inhibits the activity of DNA gyrase and blocks DNA replication.\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
c. Lipophilic detergent-like properties disrupt the membrane.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
d. Inhibits synthesis of folic acid.<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
What is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin? <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MC - Vancomycin Mechanism"},"subContentId":"7483cc3c-e603-420c-a14f-69ad321c6245"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Differential Diagnosis"},"subContentId":"61515124-ba91-4040-9082-555614a53bfe"},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"
Despite continued antibiotic treatment and the removal of the venous catheter, Barbara\u2019s condition further declined. She began to show signs of shock and her blood pressure dropped to 77\/50 mmHg. Anti-inflammatory drugs and drotrecogin-\u03b1 were administered to combat sepsis. However, by the seventh day of hospitalization, Barbara experienced hepatic and renal failure and died.<\/p>\n\n
Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> most likely formed a biofilm on the surface of Barbara\u2019s catheter. From there, the bacteria were chronically shed into her circulation and produced the initial clinical symptoms. The chemotherapeutic therapies failed in large part because of the drug-resistant MRSA isolate. Virulence factors like leukocidin and hemolysins also interfered with her immune response. Barbara\u2019s ultimate decline may have been a consequence of the production of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), which can initiate toxic shock.<\/p>\n\n
Venous catheters are common life-saving interventions for many patients requiring long-term administration of medication or fluids. However, they are also common sites of bloodstream infections. The World Health Organization estimates that there are up to 80,000 catheter-related bloodstream infections each year in the US, resulting in about 20,000 deaths.<\/p>\n\n
<\/p>\n\n
Adapted from Microbiology Chapter 25 Clinical Focus<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"192f7fa7-3a93-4509-abc8-53f0ecc7d25a"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"text":"Fill in the missing words","overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"showSolutions":"Show solution","tryAgain":"Retry","checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","notFilledOut":"Please fill in all blanks to view solution","answerIsCorrect":"':ans' is correct","answerIsWrong":"':ans' is wrong","answeredCorrectly":"Answered correctly","answeredIncorrectly":"Answered incorrectly","solutionLabel":"Correct answer:","inputLabel":"Blank input @num of @total","inputHasTipLabel":"Tip available","tipLabel":"Tip","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"autoCheck":false,"caseSensitive":true,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"separateLines":false,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"acceptSpellingErrors":false},"scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","a11yCheckingModeHeader":"Checking mode","confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"questions":["
*Septic shock\/septic shock\/septic\/shock* refers to a loss of blood pressure resulting from a system-wide infection.<\/p>\n"]},"library":"H5P.Blanks 1.14","metadata":{"contentType":"Fill in the Blanks","license":"U","title":"Untitled Fill in the Blanks"},"subContentId":"2b1668d5-a0d6-421e-900e-c2e79bb1bf19"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"text":"Fill in the missing words","overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"showSolutions":"Show solution","tryAgain":"Retry","checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","notFilledOut":"Please fill in all blanks to view solution","answerIsCorrect":"':ans' is correct","answerIsWrong":"':ans' is wrong","answeredCorrectly":"Answered correctly","answeredIncorrectly":"Answered incorrectly","solutionLabel":"Correct answer:","inputLabel":"Blank input @num of @total","inputHasTipLabel":"Tip available","tipLabel":"Tip","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"autoCheck":false,"caseSensitive":true,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"separateLines":false,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"acceptSpellingErrors":false},"scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","a11yCheckingModeHeader":"Checking mode","confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"questions":["
The lymph reenters the vascular circulation at *the subclavian veins\/subclavian veins\/veins\/the subclavian\/sunclavia\/the subclavia*. <\/p>\n"]},"library":"H5P.Blanks 1.14","metadata":{"contentType":"Fill in the Blanks","license":"U","title":"Untitled Fill in the Blanks"},"subContentId":"cb779122-bb2e-420d-a380-d64c8b8aab15"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
a. Only because the patient is feeling better does not mean all the pathogens have been cleared from their system.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
b. Bacteria more sensitive to the drug will be killed first leaving the more resistant ones to survive and reproduce.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
c. Not finishing the entire course contributes to antibiotic resistance problem.<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
Why is it important to finish the entire course of antibiotics? Check all that apply.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MR - Resolution"},"subContentId":"ba146733-b070-4b45-8f2d-33539ba74aad"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
a. Adults 65+ and older<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"b. Individuals with chronic medical conditions\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
c. Individuals with weakened immune systems<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
d. Children younger than one year of age<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
Anyone can get an infection and almost any infection can lead to sepsis. However, there are some individuals that have an increased risk of developing sepsis. Check all that apply.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MR - Increased Risks of Sepsis"},"subContentId":"9bbb1da8-accd-4d75-a21c-407e0a7a70a7"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"correct":"true","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false},"l10n":{"trueText":"True","falseText":"False","score":"You got @score of @total points","checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgain":"Retry","wrongAnswerMessage":"Wrong answer","correctAnswerMessage":"Correct answer","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
Strains that are oxacillin and methicillin resistant, termed methicillin-resistant S. aureus <\/em>(MRSA), are resistant to all \u00df-lactam agents.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.TrueFalse 1.8","metadata":{"contentType":"True\/False Question","license":"U","title":"T\/F - Drug-resistance"},"subContentId":"e99b21b8-8616-4fd1-bb35-5a4593d67e9b"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"correct":"true","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false},"l10n":{"trueText":"True","falseText":"False","score":"You got @score of @total points","checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgain":"Retry","wrongAnswerMessage":"Wrong answer","correctAnswerMessage":"Correct answer","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
If left untreated, infections by these gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens can potentially progress to sepsis, shock, and death.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.TrueFalse 1.8","metadata":{"contentType":"True\/False Question","license":"U","title":"T\/F - Drug-resistance"},"subContentId":"adde8d56-a71c-45ac-8818-3209aba892cb"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
While the microbiota of the skin can play a protective role, it can also cause harm in certain cases. Often, an opportunistic pathogen residing in the skin microbiota of one individual may be transmitted to another individual more susceptible to an infection. For example, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> (MRSA) can often take up residence in the nares of health care workers and hospital patients; though harmless on intact, healthy skin, MRSA can cause infections if introduced into other parts of the body, as might occur during surgery or via a post-surgical incision or wound. This is one reason why clean surgical sites are so important.<\/p>\n\n
Adapted by Microbiology Chapter 17 Physical Defenses<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"5a2835e8-a039-4f63-a840-aca981e76824"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-6658f21d107ad.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":712,"height":632},"alt":"Human skin has three layers, the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis, which provide a thick barrier between microbes outside the body and deeper tissues. Dead skin cells on the surface of the epidermis are continually shed, taking with them microbes","title":"Human skin has three layers, the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis, which provide a thick barrier between microbes outside the body and deeper tissues. Dead skin cells on the surface of the epidermis are continually shed, taking with them microbes"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"bf6006a3-92e1-4a08-a9a4-48e486008ab8"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
Figure 17.3 Human skin has three layers, the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis, which provide a thick barrier between microbes outside the body and deeper tissues. Dead skin cells on the surface of the epidermis are continually shed, taking with them microbes on the skin\u2019s surface. (credit: modification of work by National Institutes of Health) <\/span><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"7ec0fc58-ab30-411f-a801-0cada4fda8c7"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"text":"
The _________ is the outermost layer of the epidermis.<\/p>\n","overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"showSolutions":"Show solution","tryAgain":"Retry","checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","notFilledOut":"Please fill in all blanks to view solution","answerIsCorrect":"':ans' is correct","answerIsWrong":"':ans' is wrong","answeredCorrectly":"Answered correctly","answeredIncorrectly":"Answered incorrectly","solutionLabel":"Correct answer:","inputLabel":"Blank input @num of @total","inputHasTipLabel":"Tip available","tipLabel":"Tip","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"autoCheck":false,"caseSensitive":true,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"separateLines":false,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"acceptSpellingErrors":false},"scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","a11yCheckingModeHeader":"Checking mode","confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"questions":["
The *stratum corneum\/stratum\/corneum\/epidermis* is the outermost layer of the epidermis.<\/p>\n"]},"library":"H5P.Blanks 1.14","metadata":{"contentType":"Fill in the Blanks","license":"U","title":"Fill in the Blank - Skin"},"subContentId":"4ae08fd4-18d9-48b7-b566-de7310823f85"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
Injury or damage to the skin can allow microbes to enter deeper tissues, where nutrients are more abundant and the environment is more conducive to bacterial growth. Wound infections are common after a puncture or laceration that damages the physical barrier of the skin. Microbes may infect structures in the dermis, such as hair follicles and glands, causing a localized infection, or they may reach the bloodstream, which can lead to a systemic infection.<\/p>\n\n
Staphylococcus species are commonly found on the skin, with S. epidermidis<\/em> and S. hominis<\/em> being prevalent in the normal microbiota. S. aureus <\/em>is also commonly found in the nasal passages and on healthy skin, but pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems.<\/p>\n\n
<\/p>\n\n
Adapted from Microbiology Chapter 25 Clinical Focus<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"8d649d21-44e8-4b0f-b597-eb863a664048"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"a. Stratum corneum\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
b. Dermis<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
c. Epidermis<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
d. Conjunctiva<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":true,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
Which layer of skin contains living cells, is vascularized, and lies directly above the hypodermis?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MC - Skin and Eye Infection"},"subContentId":"a91fcf29-ac67-408d-872c-f666520e3754"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-6658f474c9876.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1280,"height":532},"alt":"different species of staphylococci."},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"83f687cb-2dbe-41f7-a570-390872a9983e"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
Figure 21.9 (a) A mannitol salt agar plate is used to distinguish different species of staphylococci. In this plate, S. aureus<\/em> is on the left and S. epidermidis <\/em>is in the right. Because S. aureus<\/em> is capable of fermenting mannitol, it produces acids that cause the color to change to yellow. (b) This scanning electron micrograph shows the characteristic grapelike clusters of S. aureus<\/em>. (credit a: modification of work by \u201cScienceProfOnline\u201d\/YouTube; credit b: modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)<\/span><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"81b1dbe5-e244-43b8-8286-af0222473d30"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
S. aureus<\/em> is quite contagious. It is spread easily through skin-to-skin contact, and because many people are chronic nasal carriers (asymptomatic individuals who carry S. aureus<\/em> in their nares), the bacteria can easily be transferred from the nose to the hands and then to fomites or other individuals. Because it is so contagious, S. aureus <\/em>is prevalent in most community settings. This prevalence is particularly problematic in hospitals, where antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria may be present, and where immunocompromised patients may be more susceptible to infection. Resistant strains include methicillin-resistant S. aureus<\/em> (MRSA), which can be acquired through health-care settings (hospital-acquired MRSA, or HA-MRSA) or in the community (community-acquired MRSA, or CA-MRSA). Hospital patients often arrive at health-care facilities already colonized with antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus<\/em> that can be transferred to health-care providers and other patients. Some hospitals have attempted to detect these individuals in order to institute prophylactic measures, but they have had mixed success (see Eye on Ethics: Screening Patients for MRSA<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n
Adapted from Microbiology Chapter 21 Clinical Focus<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"9469bdca-42da-48ea-ab6b-8a122e6716d2"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"scoreShow":"Check","submit":"Submit","tryAgain":"Retry","scoreExplanation":"Correct answers give +1 point. Incorrect answers give -1 point. The lowest possible score is 0.","question":{"settings":{"size":{"width":620,"height":310}},"task":{"elements":[{"x":23.669964532387525,"y":0,"width":20.50704685458279,"height":16.709445585215605,"dropZones":[],"type":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-6658f7d66667e.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":673,"height":549,"originalImage":{"path":"images\/file-6658f793a2546.png#tmp","mime":"image\/png","height":550,"width":674}},"alt":"Signs & Symptoms"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":78.02874743326488,"y":8.19672131147541,"width":7.197741683778234,"height":4.969815605749487,"dropZones":["0"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Observed or measured by healthcare professional<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":2.0533880903490758,"y":4.098360655737705,"width":4.969815605749487,"height":4.014990143737166,"dropZones":["0"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Increased heart rate<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":80.08213552361396,"y":49.18032786885246,"width":4.969815605749487,"height":4.14801921201232,"dropZones":["0"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
High blood pressure<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":14.373716632443532,"y":81.9672131147541,"width":4.969815605749487,"height":2.4236143737166325,"dropZones":["0"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Cyanosis<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":8.213552361396303,"y":32.78688524590164,"width":4.969815605749487,"height":4.014990143737166,"dropZones":["1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Reported by patient<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":67.76180698151951,"y":82.13552361396303,"width":4.969815605749487,"height":2.7101863385523615,"dropZones":["1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Nausea<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":43.121149897330596,"y":82.13552361396303,"width":4.969815605749487,"height":2.709564707392197,"dropZones":["1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Loss of appetite<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":2.0533880903490758,"y":61.47540983606557,"width":3.855852566735113,"height":2.4236143737166325,"dropZones":["1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Pain<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false}],"dropZones":[{"x":26.899383983572896,"y":21.310318275154003,"width":7.956878850102669,"height":11.139630390143736,"correctElements":[],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":false,"autoAlign":false,"label":"
Signs<\/div>\n"},{"x":50.92402464065708,"y":21.310318275154003,"width":8.752566735112936,"height":11.139630390143736,"correctElements":[],"showLabel":false,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":false,"autoAlign":false,"label":"
Symptoms<\/div>\n"}]}},"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"singlePoint":false,"applyPenalties":true,"enableScoreExplanation":true,"dropZoneHighlighting":"dragging","autoAlignSpacing":2,"enableFullScreen":false,"showScorePoints":true,"showTitle":true},"grabbablePrefix":"Grabbable {num} of {total}.","grabbableSuffix":"Placed in dropzone {num}.","dropzonePrefix":"Dropzone {num} of {total}.","noDropzone":"No dropzone.","tipLabel":"Show tip.","tipAvailable":"Tip available","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","feedbackHeader":"Feedback","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","scoreExplanationButtonLabel":"Show score explanation","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","localize":{"fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen"}},"library":"H5P.DragQuestion 1.14","metadata":{"contentType":"Drag and Drop","license":"U","title":"DragNDrop Signs & Symt"},"subContentId":"49203a3a-7762-46f0-b559-59ed7ae6e940"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Resolution"},"subContentId":"9ee96bba-7416-45a7-8659-9dbc77069d5e"},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"
Many strains of S. aureus<\/em> have developed resistance to antibiotics. Some antibiotic-resistant strains are designated as methicillin-resistant S. aureus<\/em> (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus<\/em> (VRSA). These strains are some of the most difficult to treat because they exhibit resistance to nearly all available antibiotics, not just methicillin and vancomycin. Because they are difficult to treat with antibiotics, infections can be lethal. MRSA and VRSA are also contagious, posing a serious threat in hospitals, nursing homes, dialysis facilities, and other places where there are large populations of elderly, bedridden, and\/or immunocompromised patients.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"c3495bc2-03aa-463a-8121-59b7cd22f791"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-6658fc01e103a.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":760,"height":512},"alt":"SEM of Staphylococcus aureus"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"c546cb5c-c9cf-4db0-9f78-eca3eddb85f5"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
Figure 4.22 This SEM of Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> illustrates the typical \u201cgrape-like\u201d clustering of cells. (credit: modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)<\/span><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"528ae03b-ee0b-42d9-a4d1-ac3e6206718f"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
When a staphylococcal infection develops, choice of medication is important. As discussed above, many staphylococci (such as MRSA) are resistant to some or many antibiotics. Thus, antibiotic sensitivity is measured to identify the most suitable antibiotic. However, even before receiving the results of sensitivity analysis, suspected S. aureus<\/em> infections are often initially treated with drugs known to be effective against MRSA, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP\/SMZ), clindamycin, a tetracycline (doxycycline or minocycline), or linezolid.<\/p>\n\n
Adapted from Microbiology Chapter 21 Clinical Focus<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"859db2cb-cd4d-4625-8e71-2e25f6791e22"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
a. Methicillin<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
b. Antimicrobial peptides<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
c. Multiple antibiotics<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
d. All known antibiotics<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":false,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","submitAnswerButton":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
Strains of MRSA are usually resistant to:<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"MC - Strains"},"subContentId":"0fbabc8f-5d02-4294-8d5e-b9cf7e292863"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"correct":"false","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false},"l10n":{"trueText":"True","falseText":"False","score":"You got @score of @total points","checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgain":"Retry","wrongAnswerMessage":"Wrong answer","correctAnswerMessage":"Correct answer","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
Someone carrying MRSA will have symptoms of infection.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.TrueFalse 1.8","metadata":{"contentType":"True\/False Question","license":"U","title":"T\/F - MRSA"},"subContentId":"ffce9aef-91b5-4b7a-94a3-81d51a0b22de"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"correct":"false","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false},"l10n":{"trueText":"True","falseText":"False","score":"You got @score of @total points","checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgain":"Retry","wrongAnswerMessage":"Wrong answer","correctAnswerMessage":"Correct answer","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
MRSA strains are not found on healthy people.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.TrueFalse 1.8","metadata":{"contentType":"True\/False Question","license":"U","title":"T\/F - MRSA"},"subContentId":"467f070d-4343-4a5f-9851-c8cc272f505d"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"correct":"true","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false},"l10n":{"trueText":"True","falseText":"False","score":"You got @score of @total points","checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgain":"Retry","wrongAnswerMessage":"Wrong answer","correctAnswerMessage":"Correct answer","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again."},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
It is found in the normal microbiota of many people.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.TrueFalse 1.8","metadata":{"contentType":"True\/False Question","license":"U","title":"T\/F - MRSA"},"subContentId":"3ca0080b-60b8-4540-b64e-3fbea92ddcde"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Causative Agent"},"subContentId":"b08025f6-b510-43eb-9501-ce50d2fea837"},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"
The pathogenicity of staphylococcal infections is often enhanced by characteristic chemicals secreted by some strains. Staphylococcal virulence factors include hemolysins called staphylolysins, which are cytotoxic for many types of cells, including skin cells and red blood cells (Figure 2). Virulent strains of S. aureus are also coagulase-positive, meaning they produce coagulase, a plasma-clotting protein that is involved in abscess formation. They also produce leukocidins, which kill white blood cells and can contribute to the production of pus and Protein A, which inhibits phagocytosis by binding to the constant region of antibodies.<\/p>\n\n
Adapted from Microbiology Chapter 25 Clinical Focus<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"ce1fb36e-fb77-43c5-9790-f44abd11ff0a"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-6658fecd24eaf.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1300,"height":888},"alt":"Figure 2. Virulence factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"3e407f2d-18f6-44cf-a33c-025c826b67ca"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
When a staphylococcal infection develops, choice of medication is important. As discussed above, many staphylococci (such as MRSA) are resistant to some or many antibiotics. Thus, antibiotic sensitivity is measured to identify the most suitable antibiotic. However, even before receiving the results of sensitivity analysis, suspected S. aureus infections are often initially treated with drugs known to be effective against MRSA, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP\/SMZ), clindamycin, a tetracycline (doxycycline or minocycline), or linezolid.<\/p>\n\n
Adapted from Microbiology Chapter 21 Clinical Focus<\/a> by OpenStax CC-BY 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"911542e7-1fb0-4f81-93a7-94d16c74c3fa"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Virulence Factors"},"subContentId":"d685973d-8e4c-42c1-9a70-39d0680b3f6a"}],"behaviour":{"baseColor":"#1768c4","defaultTableOfContents":true,"progressIndicators":true,"progressAuto":true,"displaySummary":true,"enableRetry":true},"read":"Read","displayTOC":"Display 'Table of contents'","hideTOC":"Hide 'Table of contents'","nextPage":"Next page","previousPage":"Previous page","chapterCompleted":"Page completed!","partCompleted":"@pages of @total completed","incompleteChapter":"Incomplete page","navigateToTop":"Navigate to the top","markAsFinished":"I have finished this page","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen","bookProgressSubtext":"@count of @total pages","interactionsProgressSubtext":"@count of @total interactions","submitReport":"Submit Report","restartLabel":"Restart","summaryHeader":"Summary","allInteractions":"All interactions","unansweredInteractions":"Unanswered interactions","scoreText":"@score \/ @maxscore","leftOutOfTotalCompleted":"@left of @max interactions completed","noInteractions":"No interactions","score":"Score","summaryAndSubmit":"Summary & submit","noChapterInteractionBoldText":"You have not interacted with any pages.","noChapterInteractionText":"You have to interact with at least one page before you can see the summary.","yourAnswersAreSubmittedForReview":"Your answers are submitted for review!","bookProgress":"Book progress","interactionsProgress":"Interactions progress","totalScoreLabel":"Total score","a11y":{"progress":"Page @page of @total.","menu":"Toggle navigation menu"}}

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