Chapter 12 Self-Test

Complete the following self-test to check your understanding of the key terminology and concepts of this chapter.

1. In this stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome the body runs out of reserves of energy, blood sugar level decreases, stress tolerance decreases and eventually the body’s organs begin to fail and illness or death occurs.

Alarm
Exhaustion
Collapse
Resistance

2. Bethanny is having the worst day. They slept through their alarm, lost their wallet, and their car wouldn’t start in the -45C weather. Although nothing “really bad” has happened, Bethanny finds themselves feeling frazzled, overwhelmed, and on the verge of exhaustion. Bethanny has been experiencing the impact of:

A traumatic event
Major events
Daily hassles
General adaptation syndrome

3. Felipe is hiking in the forest and comes across a bear and her two cubs on the edge of a stream. Felipe is startled – he had no warning! He isn’t sure how easily he can reach his bear spray. It seems as if the bear hasn’t noticed him. He finds himself feeling frozen, and all of his muscles are tense. Felipe is experiencing:

Cultural scripts
The tend-and-befriend response
General adaptation syndrome
The fight-or-flight response

4. Bethanny’s terrible day only gets worse. She gets to class only to realize she forgot her laptop charger, never found her wallet, and her partner for her group work in her lab class didn’t get anything done over the weekend. At the end of the day Bethanny texts her sister to ask what she’s up to and invites her to join Bethanny for take-out pizza and a movie after she gets home from school. Bethanny is engaging in:

Internal self-efficacy
General adaptation syndrome
The fight-or-flight response
The tend-and-befriend response

5. Researchers examining responses after major stressful events and trauma began to notice that some individuals not only recover from stress but also experience positive change and increases in overall well-being. This phenomenon is called:

Coping
Stress-related growth
Stress development
General adaptation syndrome

6. Hannah and her friends are having a debate about stress – which they all have a lot of experience with! Hannah’s friends think that stress is a reaction to something. It’s how they feel in certain situations. Hannah disagrees, she says that stress is an input. It’s the things that happen to us that are labelled as stress. Hannah’s beliefs reflect which model of stress:

The stress-diathesis model
Stress as a transaction
Stress as a response
Stress as a stimulus

7. The transactional model of stress proposes that:

Stress is how we feel in response to certain situations.
Stress is the label for the negative life events we experience.
Stress interacts with individual vulnerabilities to predict psychopathology.
Stress is a product of a transaction between a person and their environment.

8. The biopsychosocial model of health replaces the older biomedical model of health. What is the main difference between these models?

One is a model of illness whereas one is a model of wellness.
Medical doctors prefer to use the biopsychosocial model.
Only the biomedical model believes germs and viruses cause illness.
The biopsychosocial model acknowledges that biology, psychology, and social factors influence disease development.

9. Carlos is feeling overwhelmed by his upcoming chemistry exam – he’s been attending the lectures but just doesn’t feel prepared. He decides to address his stress by blocking off three evenings before the exam to re-read the textbook and quiz himself on the key terms. This is an example of which type of coping:

Negative coping
Loss-based coping
Emotion-focused coping
Problem-focused coping

10. Carlos’ roommate Austin is in the same chemistry class and also feeling overwhelmed – unlike Carlos, Austin has missed a few classes, although he has kept up with his readings. He decides to cope with his stress by meditating, hoping that will make him feel calmer. This is an example of which type of coping:

Problem-focused coping
Positive coping
Transcendental coping
Emotion-focused coping

11. Dr. Batt conducted a study where participants were forced to listen to bursts of unpleasant noise over headphones while performing a reading task. Some participants believed they could control the noise and some were informed they could not. Dr. Batt then tested participants’ stress levels after the experiment. Which participants likely reported lower levels of stress?

The participants who dropped out of the study.
The participants who did not have control.
The participants that challenged Dr. Batt on whether they could really control the noise.
The participants who believed they had control.

12. Positive psychology research has shown that happiness is a cause of good things in life, not a result of success or positive outcomes. This can be summarized as:

Money buys happiness.
Happiness comes down to luck of the draw.
Happy people make good things happen.
People who have good family connections are happier.

13. Eudaimonia refers to a life with meaning, whereas hedonism refers to a life of pleasure. Research in the area of positive psychology has shown which group experiences more life satisfaction?

Those high in personal wealth.
Those with jobs they enjoy.
Those high in hedonism.
Those high in eudaimonia.

14. What is the “essence” of forgiveness, according to the text?

Allowing two individuals to discuss what happened.
Creating the possibility for a relationship to recover from damage.
Reducing self-loathing.
Moving the forgiveness-seeker closer to God.

15. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of gratitude?

A process that allows damaged social processes to heal.
Feeling calm and staying positive.
Having a life full of meaning.
A feeling of appreciation or thankfulness in response to receiving a benefit.